Options Strategies: Cash Secured Put
According to the terms of a put contract, a put writer is obligated to purchase an equivalent number of underlying shares at the put's strike price if assigned an exercise notice on the written contract. Many investors write cash secured puts because they are willing to be assigned and acquire shares of the underlying stock in exchange for the premium received from the put's sale. For this discussion, a put writer's position will be considered "cash-secured" if he has on deposit with his brokerage firm a cash amount (or equivalent) sufficient to cover such a purchase with his brokerage firm.
Market Opinion?
Neutral to Slightly Bullish
When to Use?
There are two key motivations for employing this put option trading strategy: either as an attempt to purchase underlying shares below current market price, or to collect and keep premium from the sale of puts that expire out-of-the-money and with no value. An investor should write a cash secured put only when he would be comfortable owning underlying shares, because assignment is always possible at any time before the put expires. In addition, he should be satisfied that the net cost for the shares will be at a satisfactory entry point if he is assigned an exercise. The number of put contracts written should correspond to the number of shares the investor is comfortable and financially capable of purchasing. While assignment may not be the objective at times, it should not be a financial burden. The put option trading strategy can become speculative when more puts are written than the equivalent number of shares desired to own.
Benefit
The cash secured put writer collects and keeps the premium from the put's sale, no matter how much the stock increases or decreases in price. If the writer is assigned, he is then obligated to purchase an equivalent amount of underlying shares at the put's strike price. The premium received from the put's sale will partially offset the purchase price for the stock, and can result in a purchase of shares below the current market price. If the underlying stock price declines significantly and the put writer is assigned, the purchase price for the shares can be above current market price. In this case, the put writer will have an unrealized loss due to the high stock purchase price, but will have upside profit potential if retaining the purchased shares.
Risk vs. Reward
Maximum Profit: Limited (Premium Received)
Maximum Loss: Substantial (Strike Amount - Premium Received)
Upside Profit at Expiration: Premium Received from Put Sale
Net Stock Purchase Price if Assigned: Strike Price - Premium Received from Put Sale
If the underlying stock increases in price and the put expires with no value, the profit is limited to the premium received from the put's initial sale. On the other hand, an outright purchase of underlying stock would offer the investor unlimited upside profit potential. If the underlying stock declines below the strike price of the put, the investor of this put option trading strategy might be assigned an exercise notice and be obligated to purchase an equivalent number of shares. The net stock purchase price would be the put's strike price less the premium received from the put's sale. This price can be less than the current market price for the stock when the cash secured put assignment is made.
The loss potential for the cash secured put is similar to owning an equivalent number of underlying shares. Theoretically, the stock price can decline to zero. If the cash secured put assignment results in the purchase of stock at a net price greater than the current market price, the investor would incur a loss—unrealized, as long as ownership of the shares is retained.
Break-Even-Point (BEP)?
BEP: Strike Price - Premium Received from Sale of Put
Volatility
If Volatility Increases: Negative Effect
If Volatility Decreases: Positive Effect
Any effect of volatility on the cash secured put's total premium is on the time value portion.
Time Decay?
Passage of Time: Positive Effect
With the passage of time, the time value portion of the option's premium generally decreases—a positive effect for an investor with a short option position.
Alternatives before expiration?
If the investor's opinion about the underlying stock changes before the put expires, the investor can buy back the same contract in the marketplace to "close out" his position,thereby realizing a gain or loss. After this is done, no assignment is possible. The investor of this cash secured put strategy is relieved from any obligation to purchase underlying stock.
Alternatives at expiration?
If the short option has any value when it expires, the investor will most likely be assigned an exercise notice and be obligated to purchase an equivalent number of shares. If owning the underlying shares is not desired, the investor can close out the written put by buying a contract with the same terms in the marketplace. Such a purchase would have to occur before the end of market hours on the option's last trading day, and could result in a realized loss. On the other hand, the investor is obliged to take delivery of the underlying shares at a possible unrealized loss, in the event of assignment.
We hope this guide to cash secured put strategies has been helpful to you. See our next lesson on bull call spreads here. Open your online trading account today!
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